A) It is very important to let your bank know you will be using the card overseas so they don't prevent transactions for fear of fraud.
B) The first place you will have an opportunity to change money is in the luggage area of Ben Gurion airport. If you miss that there are additional opportunities in the arrival hall.
C) In the big main cities the Change places are located all over town, especially on the main streets and the larger shopping malls.
D) You can also withdraw cash directly from an ATM (called "caspomat" in Hebrew). Most ATMs accepts foreign cards and automatically switch to English on the instructions screen when they recognize a foreign card. At some ATMs, you can even withdraw dollars and other foreign currencies.
Pls. note that Airport money changer and Banks in Israel give significantly lower rates than ATMs or money changers in Cities.